Why Europe struggles to turn startups into tech giants, according to Arm co

Europe has no shortage of technology ideas or startups. Its challenge is turning them into global companies — and keeping more of its most successful businesses in Europe.

Arm co-founder Hermann Hauser, who also co-founded Amadeus Capital, joins CNBC's Arjun Kharpal to explain why Europe struggles to scale its technology companies. He discusses the need for growth capital and experienced management to help European companies scale, as well as access to critical technologies if Europe is to avoid becoming what he calls a U.S. "technology colony."

The conversation also covers AI and quantum computing. Hauser explains why some AI valuations have moved ahead of the fundamentals, where AI's long-term value could be created and why quantum's encryption-breaking "Q Day" could arrive as early as 2029.

Hauser also examines new chip architectures designed to reduce AI's energy demands and recounts Arm's early history and its relationship with Apple.

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